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Gliding mammals call colugos sweep through the air using membranes that elongate between their limbs and resemble the wings of bats . But these furry gliders are actually a baby group to primates , a new field regain .
Colugos are tree dweller , with limb connected by flaps of skin known as a patagium , orgliding tissue layer . These critter live in southeasterly Asia , and adult value about 14 to 16 column inch ( 35 to 40 centimetre ) long and weigh around 2 to 4 lbs . ( 1 to 2 kilograms ) .
A colugo with its young hangs upside down, with the pink skin of its gliding membrane visible between its limbs.
Scientists have debate colugos ' lineage for the past century . Some experts had linked them to tree diagram shrews , with which flying lemur share certain strong-arm traits . But recent genetical sequencing disclose that colugos are more closely relate to order Primates — the group that includes great apes and human . This determination could serve scientist rise a well-defined picture of evolution in the early primate , the investigator intimate . [ Image Gallery : Evolution ’s Most Extreme Mammals ]
There are only two known colugo species — sometimes referred to as " fly lemurs , " though they are not lemurs and do not fly — and they are badly understand for a phone number of reasons , harmonize to canvass carbon monoxide gas - author William Murphy , a prof in the Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences at Texas A&M University .
Colugos ' strange gliding version have hampered efforts to keep them in captivity , Murphy state Live Science in an email . And their nocturnal lifestyle high in the tree canopy makes it difficult for scientists to observe and track them in the wild .
A gliding colugo with its membrane fully spread.
" Only a few publications have documented their [ colugos ' ] ecology and habits , " Murphy enounce .
Obtaining fresh tissue samples from colugos for DNA sequencing was intelligibly challenging , Murphy noted . The first attempts to analyze colugos ' deoxyribonucleic acid — which represented only part of the colugo genome — did n’t provide any well-to-do answers . The colugo lineage deviate from other mammal more than 80 million years ago , Murphy recount Live Science . And early DNA analysis could n’t nail flying cat ' localisation on themammalian family tree , leave scientists unsettled as to whether they were more closely related to primates , tree diagram termagant , or the group that includes rabbits and rodent , he explained .
For the newfangled written report , research worker sequence the complete genome of a west Javan colugo for the first clip , compare it to sets of protein - take in genes from 21 other mammal specie . They also looked for certain rare transmitted markers that , when recover , are " very reliable indicator " of relationship between beast grouping , Murphy said .
All of their research pointed to the same conclusion : that flying lemur were a sister group to hierarch . According to Murphy , realise the nature of this relationship could affect how scientists see the fossil ofextinct mammalsthat share characteristic with both colugos and primate .
At the same time , the researchers made another unexpected find . As part of their exploration of the colugo genome , they distil DNA from tissue samples in museum , most of which were collected 50 to 100 years ago from colugo across all their make love ranges . The scientist establish that there were likely farmore mintage of colugosthan previously surmise , Murphy say Live Science .
" Our genetic results paint a picture that there are at least seven to eight colugo species , and possibly as many as 14 , " he articulate , adding that further analysis of the specimens and documentation of their transmissible data would be required before the final act of specie can be confirmed .
The determination were published online today ( Aug. 10 ) in the journalScience .
Original article onLive scientific discipline .
